2 States may take either a “Home Rule” approach-where municipal governments have authority to legislate unless specifically prohibited by state law-or a “Dillon’s Rule” approach-where municipal governments may not legislate unless specifically allowed by state law. Authority depends on state law, as the federal constitution does not mention local government or its powers. 1 However, not all mayors have the power to issue executive orders. These orders generally concern the implementation or enforcement of rules, policies and procedures” and have the force of law. At the local level, executive orders are “official directives or commands from the Mayor to agencies in the executive branch. While it may be less common, most mayors can issue executive orders just like state governors or the US president. Planning Documents may include comprehensive plans, master plans, land use plans, and zoning maps, among others. This framework provides examples of specific laws and policies that fall into each of these categories, acknowledging that many fall within more than one. Because definitions of the food system vary, HFPP developed working definitions of six key food system components (grow, process, distribute, get, make, and surplus/waste management). The availability and accessibility of healthy food is largely determined by activities at different stages of the food system which are influenced and shaped by local law such as ordinances, regulations, executive orders, and planning documents. This framework also highlights planning documents such as comprehensive plans and sustainability plans which are often used to guide development and evaluation of local laws and other efforts. To help local policymakers, leaders, advocates, researchers, and others understand policy options for communities seeking to increase access to healthy food, the Healthy Food Policy Project (HFPP) developed a framework to show how local law-including legislation, administrative regulations, and executive orders-can promote access to healthy food at various points along the food system.
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